Frederick Douglas And Henry David Thoreau - 950 Words

Frederick Douglas and Henry David Thoreau The life and works of Henry David Thoreau and Frederick Douglass’ has had a lasting impact in the literary field since there work is studied now in most colleges. Although, the writers travelled in the same circle and were both friends of Ralph Waldo Emerson the pair were not friends. In looking at the life and works of the two dynamic literary giants analyzing their common goals, work, and their place in Transcendentalist history will bring more understanding of these authors. The fact that their work is still relevant today is something that Henry David Thoreau and Frederick Douglass have in common and the fact that they are both wrote from the Transcendentalist Era perspective and they both abhorred slavery is also a common factor. Although, in their writing they both have a different take on life Thoreau having been born free and was educated at Harvard, and Douglass’ was born a slave and self-educated they still had some of the same goals since Henry David Thoreau and Frederick Douglass’ were both slave abolitionist who were involved with the Underground Railroad and both where very passionate about their work on the issues of slavery but from a different point of view since Henry David Thoreau could not experience slavery but, only acknowledge that slavery was cruel and wrong through what he learned about slavery whereas, Frederick Douglass was born a slave and knew firsthand the effects of slavery. It could also be saidShow MoreRelate dHenry David Thoreaus Views Of Freedom And Freedom804 Words   |  4 Pageswe can learn from former-slave Frederick Douglas about what they stand for. Then, for the individualist group we can learn from writer Henry David Thoreau and get an understanding of what they stand for. Even though these two men were a great voice for freedom and liberty, they had their different viewpoints of the true meaning of freedom. The viewpoint of liberty for abolitionist Frederick Douglas was that all races and genders can have the same freedom. Douglas was a slave for life before heRead MoreSlavery in Uncle Toms Cabin Essay478 Words   |  2 Pagesslavery is unfair, unjust, and most of all unchristian. This theme of opposition of slavery can be compared to that of Henry David Thoreau, a transcendentalist in early American history. Thoreau was the author of a book entitled Civil Disobedience in which he expressed his views against slavery and the way the government did nothing to put an end to it. I bring up Thoreau because he was like Mrs. Shelby in a way. They both sided with the slaves, rather than go with the majority to say thatRead MoreVoice of Freedom Notes Essay2481 Words   |  10 Pagesclaiming a common and equal right in the land† He also said that war might occur if whites continued incursions on Native American land. 51. Felix Grundy, Battle Cry of the War Hawks The War Hawks were a group of political leaders consisting of Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun. They spoke of defending national honor against the British and annexing Canada and Florida. Chapter 9 52. Josephine L. Baker, â€Å" A Second Peep at Factory Life† Baker talks about the difficulties of factory life; LongRead MoreEssay about Sukmynuts3542 Words   |  15 Pagesin himself a perfect comprehension. The world is his for who can see through its pretension. 55. Henry David Thoreau, Walden 1. What Thoreau’s means in his statement is that from the desperate city you go into the desperate country, and have to console yourself with the bravery of minks and muskrats. What he thinks is the cause is the country that is in desperation. 2. What Thoreau means when he writes â€Å"We do not ride on the railroad it rides upon us† is that the work from buildingRead MoreHistory 1511894 Words   |  8 Pagesthey could use it to gain other rights what were the major issues debated in the lincoln-douglas debates The Lincoln-Douglas Debates of 1858 were a series of seven debates between Abraham Lincoln, the Republican candidate, and the incumbent Stephen A. Douglas, a Democrat, for an Illinois seat in the United States Senate. At the time, U.S. Senators were elected by state legislatures; thus Lincoln and Douglas were campaigning for their respective parties to win control of the Illinois legislature.Read MoreJohn Locke : The Second Treatises Of Government2344 Words   |  10 Pagesconvention in 1848. Aside from that, Stanton went on to create the National Women’s Loyal League in conjunction with Susan B. Anthony in 1863. Stanton had been greatly influenced by other abolitionist reformers, some being Henry Stanton, Frederick Douglas, Henry David Thoreau, John Brown, etc. The voices of said abolitionists influenced Stanton to rise up and speak for the women of her time. Stanton spoke out about women’s lack of own ership over their own bodies, the case of divorce, pregnancy preventionRead MoreJohn Brown ‚Äà ¬ the ‚Äà ºSpark‚Äà ¹2045 Words   |  9 Pagesadopted and raised a black baby with his wife as his own child. Brown had also participated in the Underground Railroad, helping the hiding and movement of black slaves throughout the country. In 1847 Brown had met the famous black abolitionist Frederick Douglas who described brown as â€Å"though a white gentleman, [Brown] is in sympathy a black man, and as deeply interested in our case as though his own soul had been pierced with the iron of slavery† (Africans in America). By 1849 Brown had moved intoRead MoreAmerican Spirit Volume I3787 Words   |  16 Pages(1774) 122 2. Adam Smith Criticizes Empire (1776) 123 3. Samuel Johnson Urges the Iron Fist (1775) 124 4. Two Views of the British Empire (1767, 1775) 126 D. Loyalists Versus Patriots 128 1. Daniel Leonard Deplores Rebellion (1775) 128 2. Patrick Henry Demands Boldness (1775) 129 3. New Yorkers Abuse Tories (1775) 130 E. The Clash of Arms 232 1. Conflicting Versions of the Outbreak (1775) 132 2. Franklin Embittered by Bloodshed (1775) 232 3. Why an Old Soldier Fought (1898) 232 America Secedes fromRead MoreA New York City Is A Wonderful Place Full Of Adventure And Opportunity2364 Words   |  10 Pagesland lot, far below the price value of their land. For those who would not move eminent domain was use to acquire their land. In 1857 along with the eviction of the people from their land the city held a public design competition that would bring Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux together; the winners of the competition who designed Central Park. The design for the park included turning swamps into lakes, a formal garden, playground (baseball field), major fountain, and an exhibition or a concert

The Theory Of Evolution And Evolution - 1685 Words

Since Charles Darwin suggested the theory of evolution by natural selection in this best-known work, On the Origin of Species, controversy has followed. As a (computer) scientist, this student has no personal problem with the theory of evolution. However, since the debate of whether or not evolution actually exists is still alive and well today, a brief exploration of the arguments against is not only interesting, but also increasingly necessary. Why is there such disparity over this topic over one hundred and fifty years later? In order to understand the contrary side of this debate, the question must be asked: â€Å"why would evolution not be possible?†. This student will walk through possible reasons someone might not accept evolution as a scientific theory, as well as some of the more well-known arguments , and provide responses to those arguments from the side of evolutionary science . The first thing one must understand is that there are many different factions of people that do not â€Å"believe† in evolution. This is not to disparage those of lower education or less privilege, but meant to illustrate the ease in which misgivings about evolution pervade the social circles of certain groups of people. These people range in religious background, gender, and nationality. One of the only things most people have in common if they do not accept evolution as a scientific theory is education. In fact, in a 2014 Gallup poll, this was addressed as follows: â€Å"Those who adopt theShow MoreRelatedEvolution And Theory Of Evolution2859 Words   |  12 Pages come up with a variety of theories to answer the age old question, â€Å"Where do we come from?† The theory of evolution is just one of the many theories written over the centuries that attempts to answer this question; however, it holds the distinction of being the only theory accepted as scientifically true in today’s world. This paper will discuss the theory of evolution in deta il; topics addressed include defining the theory of evolution and explaining how the theory has evolved over time, as wellRead MoreThe Theory of Evolution754 Words   |  4 PagesRunning Head: EVOLUTION The Theory of Evolution By Student’s Name Name of University Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution has been a topic of controversy since it was promulgated in the late 1800s. Nonetheless, its tenets remain strong, with many modern day scientists making discoveries that support Darwin’s theories of evolution, natural selection, and survival of the fittest. In The Origin of Species, Darwin calls the process of natural selection or survival of the fittest, the preservationRead MoreThe Theories Of The And Evolution756 Words   |  4 Pagesexplained the concept of growth and evolution, Freud theorized explanations for our suppressed cognition, Archimedes ran out of a bathtub yelling Eureka once he established the concept of density, and many other renowned scientists provided substantial theories to explain common associations within everyday life. These brilliant researchers gave reason to the term â€Å"why†. They provoked curiosity, established ideologies, and generated scientific laws that define logic. Evolution, adaptation, and developmentRead MoreEvolution Versus Creation And The Theory Of Evolution1714 Words   |  7 PagesEvolution versus creation is one of the most controversial topics that have ever been exposed to the world. Scientist and creationist both argue that their perspective is more right than the other. In re ality both sides don’t know the exact truth behind the creation of the world. Evolution is the process in which something changes into something different and typically resulting in it becoming more complex and better formed. Charles Darwin, an English naturalist and geologist, suggested a theoryRead MoreThe Theories Of The Theory Of Evolution1802 Words   |  8 Pagesproduced mankind. However, the philosophical theory of evolution has no solid evidence, whereas creation can be proven. Science is supposed to be based on observation, right? The best theories satisfy the test of experimentation. No one can test if evolution happened. Non one can prove that evolution actually happened. But what evidence can we place against evolution? In 1859, Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species, introducing the theory of evolution. One hundred and fifty-six years laterRead MoreTheory of Evolution Essay1359 Words   |  6 Pagesso there was no need for evolution; hence, there was no sign of evolution from the beginning. Since sin came into the world, man has been deceived into thinking there is evolution. We are not talking about the theory of evolution that says man started from an amoeba or as an ape and eventually began to walk upright; not that evolution, but evolution in the sense of development. There are developments in the earth and therefore it can be considered as a form of evolution, but truly would it be classifiedRead MoreEvolution Of A Evolutionary Theory1500 Words   |  6 PagesEvolution is descent with modification, a phrase Darwin used in proposing the at Earth’s many species are descendants of ancestral species that were different The power of evolution as a unifying theory is its ability to explain and connect a vast array of observations about the living world. Aristotle believed that life forms could be arranged on a scale of increasing complexity. Each form of life, perfect and permanent, had its allotted space. Darwin argued that classification should be based onRead MoreThe Theory of Evolution Essay553 Words   |  3 PagesBiological evolution is the name for the changes in gene frequency in a population of a species from generation to generation. Evolution offers explanation to why species genetically change over years and the diversity of life on Earth. Although it is generally accepted by the scientific community, Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution has been studied and debated for several decades. In 1859, Darwin published On The Origin of Species, which introduced the idea of evolutionary thought which he supportedRead MoreThe s Theory Of Evolution930 Words   |  4 Pages2005, somewhat re-invents the theory of evolution into what they call the Guinness theory. The Guinness theory is that man’s ascent from the slime has been leading him inevitably towards the enjoyment of a pint of their estimable product, as stated on www.newsletter.framestore.com. It is in my interp retation that the creators of the ad were using the logos appeal, in the sense that they were using the theory of evolution to present to the consumers that once the evolution reaches present time that humansRead MoreThe Theory Of Evolution Of Creationism977 Words   |  4 PagesThe theory of evolution is at odds with the views of many religions, and many people want to allow a religious view of creationism to be taught in the public school system. The foundation of evolution is based upon the belief that the origin of all ordered complex systems, including living creatures, can be explained by natural laws without the initiation or intervention of God. A person who believes in the biblical model of creation is viewed by some non- believers as a naive, narrow-minded religious

Main Events of World War 2 Free Essays

†¢World War II started on the third of September 1939 and ended in April 1945. Over these years the were many significant events in World War Two such as Germany declaring war on the U. S and the invasion of Poland. We will write a custom essay sample on Main Events of World War 2 or any similar topic only for you Order Now A few that is of some importance that will be discussed in detail in following are the Japanese bombing Pearl Harbour, when Germany surrenders after Hitler commits suicide and when the U. S drops a bomb over Hiroshima and Nagasaki. †¢The attack on Pearl Harbour was a horrific ordeal because it was a surprising attack on the U. S navel base at Pearl Harbour conducted by the Imperial Japanese Navy. The attack was in Hawaii on the morning of December 7, 1941. The U. S base was attacked by 353 Japanese fighters, all eight U. S battleships were damaged some way or another. Some being sunk, two being raised from the water and with for repaired, over all there were six in total to return to service later in the war. There were numerous reasons for the Japanese for attacking the U. S on Pearl Harbour. The tension between the two nations started in 1931 when the invasion on Manchuria by the Japanese. Although there was multiple events in World War 2 the bombing of Pearl Harbour only feed the fire of the great world war. †¢Adolf Hitler died on the 30th of April 1945 by his own bullet in Fuherbunker in Berlin. His wife Eva died along side of him by ingesting cyanide. From these acts it resulted in Germany surrendering, This is also extraordinary on account of the war ending. Hitler realizing that all hope was lost and not whishing to suffer Mussolini’s fate, the dictator of Germany committed suicide. Germany raise the white flag to the Western Allies and the soviet Union took place in late April and early May 1945. How to cite Main Events of World War 2, Essay examples

Temperature- Sensitivity Medication In Critical Care Transportation

Question: Discuss about the Temperature- Sensitivity Medication In Critical Care Transportation. Answer: Introduction Medication storage is stringently regulated via numerous reports which analyse the impact of temperature on the process of medication stability (Hecq et al, 2015; Montes et al., 2016). The phenomenon of medication stability is ascertained via numerous factors starting from temperature, light, humidity, agitation and pH. It is the duty of the inpatient pharmacies to work carefully in order maintains the requirements of the medication storage. The proper storage of the temperature-sensitive medications in the less controlled setting of the critical care transport cast significant challenges and hence should be taken under active consideration both in the domain of patient care and fiscal perspective (Clancy et al., 2017). Allowing medications to exceed the recommended temperature of the manufacturers thresholds could put the patient at a fatal risk for failed or unpredictable therapeutic response towards medications or improper diagnostic test outcomes. The commonly used transportation process for temperature sensitive medication in critical care include a cartridge of 5 to 6 medicines (approximately) holding capacity and single point-of-care testing equipments. This cartridge has a temperature limit of 2 to 25 degree C (Clancy et al., 2017). However, if this temperature threshold is exceeded, the manufacturers of the medicines or drugs have drug specific recommendations for proper handling and expirations of these medications. However, if the medications are stored below the lower limit of storage, there are no available data narrating the impact of medication stability from the manufacturers end (Clancy et al., 2017). According to the reports published by Helm et al. (2013), the environmental temperature excursion under the emergency or critical care medical service settings, with recorded temperature in Germany, America and Canada from -13 degree C to 50 degree C account for nearly 30% more exposure time above the recommended temperature ranges (25 degree C) and at least 20% of the time below the minimum storage limit of 0 degree C. United states Pharmacopeia (USP) National Formulary prescribes the proper regulation of the packaging, storage and distribution of medications (Brown, Krumperman Fullagar ,2004). The majority of the medications commonly employed by the emergency medical services (EMS) are mainly intended for storage at controlled room temperature. The definition of controlled room temperature as stated by USP is multifaceted ad extremely complex and thus cannot be easily described as one of the simple range of acceptable temperatures or even as an average temperature. According to Br own, Krumperman and Fullagar (2004), one of the main uncontrolled aspect of external environment is temperature. Brown, Krumperman and Fullagar (2004) stated that the evidence is clear that storage of EMS medication is not consistent with the definition stated by USP in the domain of controlled room temperature. Moreover, the impact of EMS over the process of medication storage, medication stability and potency remains unclear. Rationale The following study is crucial in the present day scenario because it aims to analyse the effect of temperature variance upon the temperature sensitive medication during the process of transportation at the critical care settings. The study also aims to throw a brief light on the effective process that must be required to be undertaken in order to prevent the expiration of medication during the process of transportation and thereby reducing the fatal impact on the patients who are destined to receive that medicine. The elucidation of the results will help to design a detailed chart of the proceedings that must be helpful to protect the efficacy of temperature sensitive medication for the critical care. The results will also help to generate informed storage norms for life-saving temperature sensitive drugs like chemotherapeutic medication or intravenous antibiotics which crucial in critical care (Lv et al., 2015). Methodology The data for this paper was collected through the use of qualitative methods, based on systematic review. In order to commence on the search of the literary articles, proper identification of keywords were undertaken (Mcintosh-Scott et al., 2014). According to Polit and Beck (2014), identification of keywords is crucial for proper capturing the proper concept of the literature. The keywords, which were selected for the study is illustrated in the table below: Keywords Thesaurus terms Subject Headings Temperature sensitivity Medicine temperature sensitivity Temperature sensitivity of medication Critical care Emergency care Critical care Medications Drugs or capsule Medications Electronic or online resources were used for the literary search of the articles based on the keywords and the search limit was 15 years because it helped in the detailed analysis of the data and most of the relevant papers were found within this range. British Nursing Index Cochran Systematic Review Database Google Scholar Internurse Joanna Briggs Institute EBP database Library search of University articles Medline Table: Electronic resources used for the literature search Source: Created by author The main inclusion criteria, which was selected for search of the literature, was studies, which were published within the last 15 years and available in English. However, the search of the literary articles was not limited by size of the trial or type of the literature. The researcher included both qualitative and quantitative articles. The studies dealing with the role of temperature sensitive medications and the handling of the temperature sensitive medications by the nurses under the hospital settings were included in the search. In the inclusion criteria, systematic reviews, surveys and meta-analysis were selected in order to provide a comprehensive picture of temperature sensitive medication transportation in critical care. According to Parahoo et al. (2014), inclusion and exclusion criteria are important to set the boundary of the research while narrowing down the bibliographic resources available. Results The keyword search found 50 papers. These papers were again shortlisted based on their research titles and 28 were found to be significant. These 28 papers were reviewed for short-listing them on the e basis of abstract. Abstract analysis provided only 10 significant articles, which came under the scope of this study. These 10 research papers were again reviewed thoroughly and only 3 were found evident with scope, relevancy and nature of the research. According to Clancy et al.,(2017) the current practices of the concerned hospital setting involved the use of a Packlt cooler along with a commercially available ice pack. The pouch is tamper resistant, tagged and non-insulated. The ice substitute pack is generally kept above the Packlt cooler along with the tamper resistant pouch and the iSTAT cartridges kept below the substitute pack. The paper had also provided a retrospective review of the various transport durations and it was found that the current procedures of the transport of m edications are not that safe or efficient for storing or transporting the medications. It was found that the medications exceeding the room temperature have experienced some loss of potency. Although none of the manufactures published data about the retention of the medication potency could not validate the extent of the degree of degradation of the potency. While experimenting on the temperature sensitivity of the Packlt cooler, it was found that the deviation of the temperatures mandated about 2 ?. It strongly correlates to the starting temperature for the cooler and the ice pack that is -12.4 ?. Under these conditions, the medicines were observed to be under 2 ? for 50 minutes and three hours. Although no recommendations for the manufacturers for dealing with medications at a temperature less than 2 ? were provided. The results have found that proteinaceous compounds can easily denature even if they are briefly exposed to temperatures below 0 ?. In context to this experiment, the manufacturers could not provide any published data regarding the stability of the hormones like prostaglandin and proctant alfa. On the other hand, Chapa, (2014) describes about the different methods of preservation as per the requirement of different medicines. This paper supports the findings of the previously discussed paper of using supplementary ice packs for storing the medications. According to the results shown by Chapa, (2014), it was found that the medications like glyceryl nitrtate should be stored at temperature below 25 ? and should be protected from light. The author has tried to find out whether application of any insulated material can actually protect the heat sensitive materials. The novel feature of the intervention is the humidity control device. The intervention was made for protecting the pharmaceutical products from heat, light and moisture as well as mechanical damage. Corder Mayer, (2013) on the other hand have stated that the cold chain encompasses the storage and transport facilities to ship temperature controlled medications. Here the author have discussed that domestic refrigerato rs are certainly not suitable for the storage and the transport of the high risk materials. Refrigerators are specially designed for the storage of medicinal products. This paper has refuted the use of the dry ice and in case of the rubber Stoppard vials and it was also found that the low temperature causes shrinkage of the rubber vials. The paper also emphasized on the use of special monitoring devices within the load. Discussions and Implications of findings Critical care transport has always been subjected to challenges for the delivery of excellent and safe clinical care beyond the controlled hospital settings. Shafaat et al.,(2013) have shown that if the temperature threshold is maintained (2 ?- 8 ?), then the strategies becomes unfruitful for the trip durations more than three hour and the temperature sensitive medications are considered adulterated if are used after the manufactured recommended expiry dates. The manufacturers do not provide the exact ? of the degradation because the stability of the medicine depends upon the stability and the potency of the active ingredient of the medications. The limitation of the study is that the medication temperature is not measured by directly opening the package due to the cost of the medications and the risk of altering the temperature of the medicine by opening the package. Another limitation of this study is that, there was no bioavailability or the potency studies on the medications as t hat was beyond the scope of the studies. The paper emphasized on the fact that the current refrigeration strategy is not suitable in storing or transporting the medications. The implication of this study is that it gives an idea about the different temperature controlled methods that are used for the transportation of the temperature controlled medications and the relevance of the icepacks in iSTAT. Dissemination plans The manufacturers should provide the manuals in more details. The clinical staffs should be provided with proper trainings regarding the storage and the transportation of the medications. Proper trainings shall be made given regarding the maintenance of the equipment. Information handouts can be provided to the staffs. Recommendations There had been increasing number of temperature controlled medicines that require controlled low temperature storage. According to Taylor, (2008), domestic refrigerators can be used for the cold storage of small volumes of the medicinal products such as the eye drops. a number of containers have been made for the transportation of the temperature sensitive medicines. They are constructed out of a thermal insulating material and contain separate baffles for separating the products from the temperature stabilizing materials like ice packs (Taylor, 2008). All the refrigerator vehicles have to be well monitored with a continuous recording devices or portable monitors placed within the load. The shipping companies should regularly carry out their operations for confirming that they remain capable of maintaining the quality of the product Clancy et al., 2012). Validated cool boxes from the recognized medical supply should be used in conjunction with the minimum and the maximum thermometers for ensuring the maintenance of the cold chain (Taylor, 2008). Vaccines should be kept in the original packages and should be placed in cool boxes for maintaining the potency of the vaccine (Kumru et al., 2014). All the cool boxes should be transported out of direct sunlight and should be secured in the boot of the car (Luciano Jr, Luciano, 2012). There should be high and low temperature alarms and should be set within suitable limits. The low temperature alert should trigger if the temperature drops below =1 C. The alarms should be tested regularly. The large portable refrigerators should be regular servicing. All the larger and the smaller units have to be cleaned regularly (Corder Mayer, 2013). References Brown, L. H., Krumperman, K., Fullagar, C. J. (2004). Out-of-hospital medication storage temperatures:: a review of the literature and directions for the future.Prehospital Emergency Care,8(2), 200-206. Chapa, A. F. (2014). U.S. Patent No. 8,640,487. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Clancy, J., Karish, C., Roddy, M., Sicilia, J. J., Bigham, M. T. (2017). Temperature-sensitive Medications in Interfacility Transport: The Ice Pack Myth.Air medical journal,36(6), 302-306. Clancy, J., Karish, C., Roddy, M., Sicilia, J. J., Bigham, M. T. (2017). Temperature-sensitive Medications in Interfacility Transport: The Ice Pack Myth. Air medical journal, 36(6), 302-306. Corder, J., Mayer, W. T. (2013). U.S. Patent No. 8,424,335. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Hecq, J. D., Rolin, C., Godet, M., Gillet, P., Jamart, J., Galanti, L. M. (2015). Long-term Stability of Esomeprazole in 5% Dextrose Infusion Polyolefin Bags at 5 degrees C+/-3 degrees C after Microwave Freeze-thaw Treatment.International journal of pharmaceutical compounding,19(6), 521-524. Helm, M., Castner, T. H., Lampl, L. (2003). Environmental temperature stress on drugs in prehospital emergency medical service.Acta anaesthesiologica scandinavica,47(4), 425-429. Kumru, O. S., Joshi, S. B., Smith, D. E., Middaugh, C. R., Prusik, T., Volkin, D. B. (2014). Vaccine instability in the cold chain: mechanisms, analysis and formulation strategies. Biologicals, 42(5), 237-259. Luciano Jr, R. A., Luciano, L. W. (2012). U.S. Patent No. 8,123,036. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Lv, R., Yang, P., He, F., Gai, S., Yang, G., Dai, Y., ... Lin, J. (2015). An imaging-guided platform for synergistic photodynamic/photothermal/chemo-therapy with pH/temperature-responsive drug release.Biomaterials,63, 115-127. McIntosh-Scott, A., Mason, T., Mason-Whitehead, E., Coyle, D. (2013).Key concepts in nursing and healthcare research. Sage. Meyer, C. E., DeVore, T. A., Kennison, A. E., Sieron, M. A., Wynne, N. (2011). U.S. Patent No. 7,913,511. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Montes, J. A., Johnson, D., Jorgensen, J., McElmeel, M. L., Fulcher, L. C., Kiel, J. W. (2016). Potency and Sterility of Fortified Tobramycin, Fortified Vancomycin, and Moxifloxacin at 4, 24, and 35 C for 14 Days.Cornea,35(1), 122-126. Parahoo, K. (2014).Nursing research: principles, process and issues. Palgrave Macmillan. Polit, D. F., Beck, C. T. (2014).Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Shafaat, K., Hussain, A., Kumar, B., ul Hasan, R., Prabhat, P., KumarYadav, V. (2013). An overview: storage of pharmaceutical products. world journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences, 2(5), 2499-2515. Taylor, J. (2008). Recommendations on the control and monitoring of storage and transportation temperatures of medicinal products. The pharmaceutical journal, 267(28), 128-131.